Broken UTF-8

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Five-byte and six-byte sequences were defined in RFC 2297 but are no longer part of the UTF-8 definition.

Non-shortest forms for lowest single-byte (U+0000)

Two-byte sequence (C0 80)

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Three-byte sequence (E0 80 80)

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Four-byte sequence (F0 80 80 80)

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Five-byte sequence (F8 80 80 80 80)

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Six-byte sequence (FC 80 80 80 80 80)

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Non-shortest forms for highest single-byte (U+007F)

Two-byte sequence (C1 BF)

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Three-byte sequence (E0 81 BF)

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Four-byte sequence (F0 80 81 BF)

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Five-byte sequence (F8 80 80 81 BF)

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Six-byte sequence (FC 80 80 80 81 BF)

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Non-shortest forms for lowest two-byte (U+0080)

Three-byte sequence (E0 82 80)

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Four-byte sequence (F0 80 82 80)

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Five-byte sequence (F8 80 80 82 80)

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Six-byte sequence (FC 80 80 80 82 80)

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Non-shortest forms for highest two-byte (U+07FF)

Three-byte sequence (E0 9F BF)

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Four-byte sequence (F0 80 9F BF)

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Five-byte sequence (F8 80 80 9F BF)

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Six-byte sequence (FC 80 80 80 9F BF)

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Non-shortest forms for lowest three-byte (U+0800)

Four-byte sequence (F0 80 A0 80)

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Five-byte sequence (F8 80 80 A0 80)

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Six-byte sequence (FC 80 80 80 A0 80)

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Non-shortest forms for highest three-byte (U+FFFF)

Four-byte sequence (F0 8F BF BF)

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Five-byte sequence (F8 80 8F BF BF)

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Six-byte sequence (FC 80 80 8F BF BF)

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Non-shortest forms for lowest four-byte (U+10000)

Five-byte sequence (F8 80 90 80 80)

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Six-byte sequence (FC 80 80 90 80 80)

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Non-shortest forms for last Unicode (U+10FFFF)

Five-byte sequence (F8 84 8F BF BF)

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Six-byte sequence (FC 80 84 8F BF BF)

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Out of range

One past Unicode (F4 90 80 80)

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Longest five-byte sequence (FB BF BF BF BF)

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Longest six-byte sequence (FD BF BF BF BF BF)

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First surrogate (ED A0 80)

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Last surrogate (ED BF BF)

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CESU-8 surrogate pair (ED A0 BD ED B2 A9)

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Out of range and non-shortest

One past Unicode as five-byte sequence (F8 84 90 80 80)

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One past Unicode as six-byte sequence (FC 80 84 90 80 80)

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First surrogate as four-byte sequence (F0 8D A0 80)

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Last surrogate as four-byte sequence (F0 8D BF BF)

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CESU-8 surrogate pair as two four-byte overlongs (F0 8D A0 BD F0 8D B2 A9)

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Lone trails

One (80)

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Two (80 80)

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Three (80 80 80)

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Four (80 80 80 80)

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Five (80 80 80 80 80)

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Six (80 80 80 80 80 80)

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Seven (80 80 80 80 80 80 80)

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After valid two-byte (C2 B6 80)

¶�

After valid three-byte (E2 98 83 80)

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After valid four-byte (F0 9F 92 A9 80)

💩�

After five-byte (FB BF BF BF BF 80)

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After six-byte (FD BF BF BF BF BF 80)

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Truncated sequences

Two-byte lead (C2)

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Three-byte lead (E2)

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Three-byte lead and one trail (E2 98)

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Four-byte lead (F0)

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Four-byte lead and one trail (F0 9F)

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Four-byte lead and two trails (F0 9F 92)

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Leftovers

FE (FE)

�

FE and trail (FE 80)

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FF (FF)

�

FF and trail (FF 80)

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